Role of beneficial microbes with nitrogen and phosphorous levels on canola productivity / Papel de microbes benéficos em associação com níveis de nitrogênio e fósforo na produtividade de canola

A research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various nitrogen and phosphorus levels along with beneficial microbes to enhance canola productivity. The research was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block factorial design. The study was comprised of three factors including nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-¹), phosphorous (70, 100 and 130 kg ha-¹) and beneficial microbes (with and without BM). A control treatment with no N, P and BM was also kept for comparison. Application of beneficial microbes significantly increased pods plant, seed pod, seed filling duration, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield as compared to control plots. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 180 kg ha-¹ increased pods plant-¹, seed pod, seed filling duration, seed weight, biological yield and seed yield. Maximum pods plant-¹, seed pod, early seed filling, heavier seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were observed in plots treated with 130 kg.ha-¹ phosphorous. As comparison, the combine treated plots have more pods plant-¹, seeds pod-¹, seed filling duration, heaviest seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index as compared to control plots. It is concluded that application of beneficial microbes with N and P at the rate of 180 kg ha-¹ and 130 kg ha-¹, respectively, increased yield and its attributes for canola.

Uma pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar o impacto de vários níveis de nitrogênio e fósforo, juntamente com micróbios benéficos, para aumentar a produtividade da canola. A pesquisa foi realizada no inverno de 2016-17 no Agronomy Research Farm, Universidade de Agricultura do Peshawar. O experimento foi conduzido por planejamento fatorial aleatorizado em blocos. O estudo focou-se em três fatores, incluindo o teor de nitrogênio, N, (60, 120 e 180 kg.ha-¹), o teor de fósforo, P, (70, 100 e 130 kg ha-¹) e a presença de micróbios benéficos (com BM e sem BM). Para fins de comparação, um tratamento controle sem N, P e BM também foi incluído no estudo. A aplicação de micróbios benéficos aumentou significativamente as vagens das plantas e de sementes, a duração do enchimento das sementes, o peso de 1000 sementes, o rendimento biológico e o rendimento de sementes em comparação com os resultados do controle. O nitrogênio aplicado na taxa de 180 kg ha-¹ aumentou as vagens por planta, vagem, duração do enchimento, peso da semente, rendimento biológico e rendimento de sementes. Vagens máximas por planta, vagem, enchimento precoce de sementes, peso maior de semente, rendimento biológico, rendimento de sementes e índice de colheita foram observados em parcelas tratadas com 130 kg.ha-¹ de fósforo. Em comparação aos blocos cultivados de controle, os blocos cultivados tratados combinados têm mais vagens por planta e sementes por vagem, maior duração do enchimento das sementes, maior número de sementes mais pesadas e maior rendimento biológico, rendimento de sementes e índice de colheita. Conclui-se que a aplicação de micróbios benéficos junto com N e P nas doses de 180 kg ha-¹ e 130 kg ha-¹, respectivamente, aumentou a produtividade e atributos de produtividade para a canola.

Role of beneficial microbes with nitrogen and phosphorous levels on canola productivity

Abstract A research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various nitrogen and phosphorus levels along with beneficial microbes to enhance canola productivity. The research was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block factorial design. The study was comprised of three factors including nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), phosphorous (70, 100 and 130 kg ha-1) and beneficial microbes (with and without BM). A control treatment with no N, P and BM was also kept for comparison. Application of beneficial microbes significantly increased pods plant, seed pod, seed filling duration, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield as compared to control plots. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 increased pods plant-1, seed pod, seed filling duration, seed weight, biological yield and seed yield. Maximum pods plant-1, seed pod, early seed filling, heavier seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were observed in plots treated with 130 kg.ha-1 phosphorous. As comparison, the combine treated plots have more pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed filling duration, heaviest seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index as compared to control plots. It is concluded that application of beneficial microbes with N and P at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 and 130 kg ha-1, respectively, increased yield and its attributes for canola.

Resumo Uma pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar o impacto de vários níveis de nitrogênio e fósforo, juntamente com micróbios benéficos, para aumentar a produtividade da canola. A pesquisa foi realizada no inverno de 2016-17 no Agronomy Research Farm, Universidade de Agricultura do Peshawar. O experimento foi conduzido por planejamento fatorial aleatorizado em blocos. O estudo focou-se em três fatores, incluindo o teor de nitrogênio, N, (60, 120 e 180 kg.ha-1), o teor de fósforo, P, (70, 100 e 130 kg ha-1) e a presença de micróbios benéficos (com BM e sem BM). Para fins de comparação, um tratamento controle sem N, P e BM também foi incluído no estudo. A aplicação de micróbios benéficos aumentou significativamente as vagens das plantas e de sementes, a duração do enchimento das sementes, o peso de 1000 sementes, o rendimento biológico e o rendimento de sementes em comparação com os resultados do controle. O nitrogênio aplicado na taxa de 180 kg ha-1 aumentou as vagens por planta, vagem, duração do enchimento, peso da semente, rendimento biológico e rendimento de sementes. Vagens máximas por planta, vagem, enchimento precoce de sementes, peso maior de semente, rendimento biológico, rendimento de sementes e índice de colheita foram observados em parcelas tratadas com 130 kg.ha-1 de fósforo. Em comparação aos blocos cultivados de controle, os blocos cultivados tratados combinados têm mais vagens por planta e sementes por vagem, maior duração do enchimento das sementes, maior número de sementes mais pesadas e maior rendimento biológico, rendimento de sementes e índice de colheita. Conclui-se que a aplicação de micróbios benéficos junto com N e P nas doses de 180 kg ha-1 e 130 kg ha-1, respectivamente, aumentou a produtividade e atributos de produtividade para a canola.

Management of children with disorders of sexual development [DSD]: a retrospective analysis

We retrospectively reviewed data of children who were managed for Disorders of Sexual Development [DSD] presenting after one year of age with a view to understand gender assignment issues in these children. Patients were managed at NICH Karachi, NIRM and Shifa International Hospital Islamabad. All patients were investigated on standard lines to make a proper diagnosis. Karyotyping was performed in all patients. Hormonal essays included, serum testosterone levels, 17-OH progesterone levels, FSH, LH etc. Ultrasonography, urogenital endoscopy and laparoscopy were also performed in selected cases. The aim was to assign the genetic sex to the patient when possible. Male gender was advised to all male DSD responding to exogenous hormonal therapy. Patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome were advised female gender. Children having Gonadal dysgenesis [GD] responding to androgen therapy were also advised male gender. Female gender was advised to all children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia [CAH]. Gender assignment was performed after a detail consultation with the family and children if they were old enough to comprehend the issue. Male gender was assigned to CAH patients reared as male if child/family insisted to keep the gender of rearing. Of the 61 patients, 23 were undervirilized male [UVM], 29 had congenital adrenal hyperplasia [CAH], 4 had clitoromegaly, four gonadal dysgenesis and one aphalia. The mean age of presentation of UVM was 8.4 years and CAH was 7.06 years. Clitoromegaly without CAH mean age was 5.6 years. It was not possible to definitely establish the true nature of male DSD in few patients due to limitation of available investigations. Twenty two male DSD patients responded to exogenous testosterone therapy and had male gender assignment. One had female conversion as non-responder. Of the 29 cases of CAH, 27 decided for female assignment and had feminizing genitoplasty. Two children aged 13 and 16 years refused for a female gender assignment and were assigned male gender and reconstructions performed accordingly. Clitoral recession was performed in all the four patients with clitoromegaly. Four patient having MGD was assigned male gender. Single aphallia patient was assigned male gender however adequate phallus reconstruction is still awaited. Older UVM children reared as female accepted male gender happily but CAH children more than 10 years of age reared as male were not happy for a female conversion. Genital reconstruction was most satisfactory in CAH patients. Patients with male gender assignment had multiple procedures and patient's satisfaction response was variable according to the size of the phallus and severity of androgen deficiency. Most patients were however happy for the masculine appearance after chordee correction. Long-term results need to be evaluated. Older female children reared as male find it extremely difficult for female conversion whereas male children reared as female accept male conversion well. Gender re-assigment in younger children is well accepted by the family

Intra vaginal wooden foreign body causing multiple internal fistulae and bladder stone in a 12 years girl

Vaginal foreign bodies in girls may be accidental, self-inflicted or secondary to child abuse. These may causes a number of complications like Infections, abscess formation, intestinal perforation, vaginal discharge and internal fistulae. We are presenting a case of a 13 years old girl who presented with a supra-pubic mass and dysuria. X-ray showed a radio-opaque shadow in pelvis. The child was admitted in medical ward with the diagnosis of bladder stone and UTI. She was pouring frank pus from the vagina. On rectal digital examination a hard foreign body was felt in the rectum. Investigations revealed that she had a large pelvic collection, a sharp wooden Foreign Body [FB] extending from the rectum through the vagina in to the urinary bladder forming a bladder stone. Patient also developed recto-vaginal and vesico-vaginal fistulae. Foreign body was removed along with the bladder stone, pelvic abscess drained and colostomy was performed. Later repair of vesico-vaginal fistula were performed, recto-vaginal fistula closed spontaneously and colostomy closed. Patient became fully continent for urine and feces after completion of surgical procedures. A careful history from the child revealed that she had inserted the foreign body herself as a self-exploring practice